Star Discoloring

Star Discoloring, considered an equivalent anomaly to Coin Discoloring and Enemy Discoloring, and also generally associated with Dynamic Level Rearrangement, is a rarer anomaly that creates new types of Power Stars with new behaviors that typically scale from negative to positive and appear based on the player's skill at the game, with positive stars appearing more often to help people who aren't good at the game, and negative stars appearing to skilled players in order to add an extra challenge.

List of Documented Discolorations
NOTE: These are simply the most common behavior to go with these discolored stars, and may be different from copy to copy. Some discolored stars are also unconfirmed, so it is wise to take them with a grain of salt. Finally, most of these stars have simply been reported to be recolors of regular Power Stars, though this page will only cover the manifestations of these stars that have unique mechanics.

Green Stars
Green Stars are the most common instance of Star Discoloring, and appear to have been reused in later Super Mario Bros. games by Nintendo, either by coincidence or due to them being inspired by this anomaly. Green Stars have been reported to appear in numbers of 1-3 in every main course, and be harder to find, and also considered "extra" collectibles. They would either contribute 2-3 stars to the overall star counter, or have their own section of the game's HUD and unlock special levels.

Gray Stars
Often confused with Silver Stars manifesting in the original Super Mario 64, Gray Stars function in a similar manner to red coins and secrets, though they have an inconsistent overall total in a level, ranging from 3-12 Gray Stars being required to obtain a standard Power Star, or potentially other discolored stars. Gray Stars are also stationary, unlike Silver Stars.

Black Stars
Often confused with Power Ztars which are entirely different objects, black stars take away from the star counter instead of adding to it, and are much more common in levels than regular Power Stars. Alternatively, some have reported that Black Stars actually do damage to the player, or even function as enemies that directly attack the player.

Cyan Stars
Cyan Stars appear to be post-game stars found in every main course, and appear in groups of 1-3, similarly to Green Stars. Some reports state they can unlock new floors such as the 4th Floor, though most reports do not back this up and instead claim they are used to unlock the cannon in the Castle Grounds in order to talk to Yoshi or increase the Power Star account by 2-5. Coincidentally, ridable Yoshis have been reported to be more common in copies with Cyan Stars, especially when unlocked by talking to Yoshi on the rooftop.

Red Stars
Red Stars reportedly either increase the player's star count by 3-5, or increase the star counter by one and cause enemies and bosses to become more aggressive or deal more damage. Some have theorized that Red Stars are part of a scrapped Hard Mode, though this is hard to confirm, and others have proposed that Red Stars are created purely by the Personalization A.I. if the player needs a challenge.

Rainbow Stars
Rainbow Stars, similarly to the Rainbow Cap, usually function as a power-up similarly or replacing the Metal Cap that gives the player invincibility. Alternatively, they have been reported to increase the player's star count by 5-15. In both manifestations, they are the rarest instance of Star Discoloring, often requiring intentionally performing poorly to make them appear.

Theorizing
Similarly to other "discoloring" anomalies, it is believed that Star Discoloring is an intentional mechanic of the Personalization A.I. used to change the game according to the player's needs to make it the correct difficulty for the player, either by increasing or decreasing the difficulty. However, it's rarity compared to the other anomalies of a similar nature is unexplained.

An alternative theory is that most of these stars were unused objects that were scrapped and either replaced with other objects such as the Metal Cap for the Rainbow Star or Red Coins for the Gray Stars, before being brought back by the Personalization A.I. in the form of a Power Star, explaining why several discolored stars appear to function like other objects instead of Power Stars.